- by Mamta Rawat

In the year 2021, at COP 26, the Government of India committed for attaining the target of Net Zero by 2070 via their Panchamrit action plan. The term “Net Zero” refers to the target of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming to zero by balancing the amount released into the atmosphere with the amount removed and stored by carbon sinks. This is also described as “Carbon Neutrality” or “Climate Neutrality”. Building sector is one of the highest emitters, responsible for nearly 40% of CO2 emissions. Decarbonizing buildings is our greatest opportunity to realize a zero emissions world. This can be attained in terms of Net Zero Energy/Water/Waste etc.

Net Zero Energy buildings are those that are designed to have the lowest energy demand, high energy efficiency during its operation and thereafter its  energy requirements are met through renewable energy sources. These structures are meticulously designed to minimize energy demand, optimize operational efficiency, and, critically, fulfill their remaining energy needs through renewable sources. By embracing this holistic approach, the project stakeholders not only encourage a reduction in environmental impact but also contribute to the global transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy future.

Achieving 'Net Zero Energy' is a multifaceted endeavor that demands a holistic and integrated approach to building design, construction, and operation. This approach begins with the conscientious design of buildings aimed at minimizing energy demand through advanced architectural and engineering solutions. High levels of insulation, efficient lighting, and intelligent building systems contribute to a reduced overall energy footprint. Simultaneously, the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies and materials enhances operational efficiency, ensuring that energy consumption during the building's lifecycle remains as low as possible.

Crucially, the path to 'Net Zero Energy' involves a substantial commitment to renewable energy generation. Implementing on-site renewable energy systems such as solar panels, wind turbines, or geothermal heating enables buildings to generate clean energy, offsetting their remaining energy requirements. Energy storage solutions also play a crucial role in optimizing the utilization of renewable power, allowing for a consistent and reliable energy supply.

Achieving 'Net Zero Energy' status represents a transformative journey towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible built environment. This ambitious goal involves a meticulous integration of innovative design, advanced technologies, and renewable energy solutions. The initial phase focuses on optimizing the building's design and construction, incorporating energy-efficient systems, and maximizing insulation to minimize overall energy demand. Through this holistic approach, the aim is to create structures that operate with the utmost efficiency, minimizing their reliance on external energy sources.

Monitoring and optimizing energy consumption is integral to maintaining 'Net Zero Energy' status. Implementing smart building technologies and continuous data analysis enable real-time tracking of energy usage, facilitating informed decisions to enhance efficiency. This ongoing evaluation ensures that the building adapts to changing energy dynamics, maximizing the utilization of renewable resources and minimizing waste. 

We may opt for Net Zero Rating Certifications to accelerate the process. These rating systems are a tool which enables the designer to apply energy efficiency concepts and adopt appropriate renewable sources by design to achieve Net Zero Energy Status. In case of an existing building, the tool enables implementation of energy efficient measures to reduce energy consumption and meet the rest of the energy requirements through renewable energy sources. Net Zero Energy certification can be awarded either at Design Stage or during Operation. A building which achieves Net Zero Energy Certification at Design State must showcase Net Zero Energy Performance after one year of building operation. 

Ms. Mamta Rawat is the Founder & CEO at ClimateNama Pvt. Ltd. She is a seasoned Sustainability Consultant with over 14 Years of work experience, working towards "End-to-End Sustainability Consulting services in the Built Environment" to contribute towards Global Climate Change Commitments. She is a LEED Accredited Professional (USGBC), IGBC Accredited Professional and Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Certified Energy Manager. She has also been honoured with the prestigious IGBC Fellow Award. She is the past National Convener of IGBC Green League (IGL). She is a Core Committee Member of IGBC & FOCUS Mumbai Chapters, PJMT WISE and ISHRAE-National Women Committee.